GENEOLOGI TRADISI ILMIAH ASTRONOMI ISLAM
Studi Historis Perkembangan Astronomi Muslim Pada Abad Pertengahan
Keywords:
Geologi, astronomi, ilmu pengetahuan, Islam, Geneology, astronomy, scienceAbstract
Astronomi umumnya didefinisikan sebagai ilmu yang mempelajari gerakan bintang-bintang dan planet-planet. Ini sering dianggap salah satu ilmu pengetahuan Barat warisan ilmiah bangsa Yunani. Para astronom modern tidak tahu kritik yang dilancarkan oleh astronom Muslim, Ibnu Shatir, yang menyoroti sistem Ptolemy. Astronomi hanya mengenal teori yang dibangun Kepler dan Copernicus setelah runtuh batas-batas bumi teori tanpa mempertimbangkan teori Ibn Shatir yang justru merupakan teori pertama yang memetakan gerakan planet-planet di angkasa; sebuah teori yang diyakini milik dunia modern sebagai Kepler dan Copernicus. Artikel ini membahas akar astronomi Islam di abad pertengahan yang menandai kemajuan peradaban Islam selama kegelapan Barat. Pertengahan adalah zaman keemasan Islam yang menyumbangkan banyak teori- teori baru dalam literatur ilmu, termasuk astronomi. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas astronomi yang dilakukan secara intensif dari awal abad ke-9 hingga abad ke-16. Kegiatan ini tercermin dalam jumlah besar ilmuwan yang bekerja di bidang astronomi praktis dan teoritis, jumlah buku-buku yang ditulis, observatorium aktif, dan pengamatan baru. Semua kegiatan ilmiah dimulai dengan terjemahan karya ilmiah fantastis non-Arabic. Kegiatan astronomi Islam dibagi menjadi dua utama aliran yaitu aliran astronomi-matematika di Timur dan aliran astronomi-filsafat di kekhalifahan Islam di Barat.Astronomy is commonly defined as a science that studies the movements of the fixed stars and the planets. It is often perceived one of Western science as scientific heritage of Greek. Modern astronomers do not know the criticism made Moslem astronomical scientists, Ibn Shatir, who criticize Ptolemy System. Astronomy only knows the theory is built Kepler and Copernicus after collapsing geocentric theory confines without considering the theory of Ibn Shatir who first charted the movement of planets in space, the theory of which is believed to belong to the modern world as Kepler and Copernicus. This article attempts to reviewing the roots of Islamic astronomy in medieval times that mark the advance of Islamic civilization during the darkness of the West. Middle Ages was the golden age of Islam who donated a lot of new theories in science literatures, including astronomy. This article shows that the activity of astronomy widespread intensively from the beginning of the ninth century to the sixteenth century. This activity is reflected in the large number of scientists working in the field of practical and theoretical astronomy, the number of books written, active observatory, and the new observations. All scientific activities began with the fantastic translation of non-Arabic scientific works. Islamic astronomical activities divided into two major schools, astronomical-mathematic school in the East and astronomical-philosophic schools in the Western Islamic caliphate.
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Baiquni, Achmad. Al-Qur’an, Ilmu Pengetahuan, dan Teknologi. Yogyakarta: Dana Bhakti Prima Yasa, 1996.
Dallal, Ahmad. The Making of a Scientific Culture. http://www. oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/book/islam.
Departemen P&K. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Edisi Kedua., Cet. IX. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1999.
Donzel, E. Van. Islamic Desk Reference. Leiden:E.J. Brill, 1994.
Drake, Nicholas, dan Elizabeth Davis (ed.). The Concise Encyclopaedia of Islam. Cet.I. London: Stacey International, 1989.
Expanding the Frontiers of Theoretical Astronomy dalam http://www. oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/book/islam.
Fakhri, Majid. A History of Islamic Philosophy. New York&London: Columbia University Press, 1983.
Huff, Toby E. The Rise of Early Modern Science, Islam, Cina and The West. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Ichtijanto. Almanak Hisab Rukyat. Jakarta: Badan Hisab Rukyat Depag RI, 1981. International Islamic University Pakistan. Islamic Studies 36 No. 4 (1997).
Islam Dan Warisan Ilmu Astronomi (Ilmu Falak) dalam http://lajnah falakiyah lamongan.wordpress.com/2011/02/10/islam-dan-warisan-ilmu- Astronomi-ilmu-falak/
Kartanegara, Mulyadhi. Reaktualisasi Tradisi Ilmiah Islam. Jakarta: Penerbit Baitul Ihsan, 2006.
Raharto, Moedji. Manusia, Islam, dan Astronom. Makalah disampaikan dalam Pelatihan Hisab Rukyat Tingkat Nasional 16-18 Juni 1997 di Bogor.
Wajdī, Muḥammad Farīd. Dā’irah Ma’ārif al-Qarn al-‘Ishrīn. Beirut: Dār al- Ma„rifah, 1971.
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2013-03-27
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