REVITALISASI MAQÂSHID AL-SYARÎ’AH DALAM ISTINBÂTH HUKUM ISLAM: KAJIAN ATAS PEMIKIRAN MUHAMMAD AL-THÂHIR IBNU ‘ÂSYÛR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/istinbath.v14i1.738Keywords:
al-fithrah, al-musâwah, al-samâhah, al-hurriyah, mashlahah dan maqâṣid al-syarî’ahAbstract
The essence of human rights is to protect and ensure the glory and dignity of people. So it becomes important human rights principles stipulated in the legislation in order to guarantee the state of human rights can be implemented optimally. However, there are some parties who deliberately rammed by the Islamic Human Rights as a product of the Liberals are opposed to the Sharia. In fact, both Islam and human rights, aimed at ensuring the glory and dignity of man as the principles “maqhasidu al-syari’ah” are the main objectives the implementation of Islamic law. This paper aims to prove that human rights are not contrary to Islam because it has been expressly stipulated that one-on-one purpose in religion is upholding human dignity. This paper uses legal research methods that reveal the fact that Islam protects personal rights of his people so that the necessary regulatory and enforcement of human rights in the Indonesia.
Tulisan ini terfokus mengkaji pemikiran Ibnu âsyûr tentang maqâṣid al-syarî’ah. Sebagai pemikir islam kontemporer ibnu âsyûr berupaya merumuskan maqâṣid al-syarî’ah menjadi disiplin ilmu yang mandiri dan pertimbangan utama dalam pegistinbathan hukum islam.Konsep independensi maqâṣid al-syarî’ah sebelumnya memang sudah digagas oleh al-syâthibî, namun Ibnu ‘âsyûr memperkokoh dan mempertegas kembali urgensi maqâṣid al-syarî’ah sebagai suatu disiplin ilmu.Menurutnya, ada empat unsur yang paling mendasar dalam pondasi bangunan maqâṣid al-syarî’ah, yaitu al-fithrah, al-musâwah, al-samâhah dan al-hurriyah.Keempat unsur ini mesti mendapat perhatian dan pertimbangan dalam proses pergumulan teks dan konteks realitas kekinian untuk melahirkan diktum-diktum hukum yang berkemashlahatan. Bagi ibnu ‘âsyûr, secara umum berdasarkan pengkajian atas dalil-dalil al-qur’an dan kasus-kasus parsial menunjukkanbahwa tujuan pensyari’atan hukum islam adalah memelihara sistem/tatanan kehidupan umat manusia dan kelestarian kemashlahatan itu dengan cara menjaga kemashlahatan manusia itu sendiri yang meliputi mashlahah akal, perbuatan dan alam dimana ia hidup. Dengan demikian maka bisa dikatakan kaidah umum dalam syari’at islam adalah untuk mewujudkanmashlahah dan menolak mafsadah.
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