Ratio Legis Penerapan Beban Pembuktian Terbalik Di Indonesia
(Komparasi Hukum Pidana Indonesia Dan Hukum Pidana Islam)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/istinbath.v18i1.3288Keywords:
Ratio Legis Reverse Proof System, Indonesia, Comparative Legal StudyAbstract
The reverse proof is the burden of proof to the suspect of a crime. In principle, the application of the reversed burden of proof is against the universal law of proof and is not following the presumption of innocence. However, the reverse burden of proof contained in the Law on the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption, and the Law on the Prevention and Eradication of the Crime of Money Laundering, with a Legis Ratio of the two types of crimes classified as white color crimes, and extraordinary crimes, is right. Because it can be ascertained that, when the verification process takes place, law enforcement will have difficulty in proving the guilt of the perpetrators of the crime. In Indonesia, the application of the reverse burden of proof is applied to corruption and money laundering crimes which are limited to the Eradication of Corruption Crimes and Money Laundering Crimes. In Islamic law, the application of the reverse burden of the proof system is included in the ta'zir category which is based on government policy (ulul amri). The inverse burden of proof system is implied in the Qur'an, Surah Yusuf, Verses 26-29. However, in applying the reverse proof system, the jurists use istihsan in making ijtihad on contemporary social problems. Thus, both in the perspective of general law and Islamic law, the reverse proof is something that is specifically allowed, for criminal cases where it is estimated that there will be difficulties in proving it.
Keywords: Ratio Legis Reverse Proof System, Indonesia, Comparative Legal Study
References
Rubio, Ferreira. Corruption Perceptions Index 2017, (USA: Transparency International, 2018).
Indonesia Corruption Watch, Outlook Korupsi Politik 2018: Ancaman Korupsi di Balik Pemilu 2018 dan 2019, (Jakarta: ICW Press, 2019).
Latifah, Marfuatul, Kendala Penerapan Pembuktian Terbalik Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia, Jurnal Negara Hukum 1(1), November 2010.
MD, Mahfud, UU Pembuktian Terbalik Harus Segera Disahkan, (Jakarta: Media Suara Karya, 2010).
Maanen, J. Van, “Reclaiming Qualitative Methods for Organizational Research: Preface.” Adm. Sci. Q. 24, 1979.
Diantha, I Made Pasek, Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif dalam Jsutifikasi Teori Hukum, (Jakarta: Prenanda Media Group, 2017).
Rowe, S. E., “Legal Research, Legal Analysis, and Legal Writing: Putting Law School Into Practice.” SSRN eLibrary, 1193(2000) 2009.
Cruz, P. De. Peter De Cruz, Comparative Law in a Changing World, (London: Cavendish Publishing Limited, 1999).
Ibrahim, Hamid, Law of Evidence, (Kuala Lumpur: Central Law Book Corporation Sdn. Bhd, 1993).
Campbell, Henry, Black’s Law Dictionary, Ed. ke-4, (Minnesota: West Publishing Co. Inc., 1968).
Prodjohamidjojo, Martiman, Komentar atas KUHAP: Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana, (Jakarta: Pradnya Paramitha, 1984).
Williams, Glanville, The Proof of Guilt: A Study of the English Criminal Trial, Ed. ke-3; (London: Stevens and Sons, 1963).
Haji, Siti Zalikhah, Beberapa Aspek dalam Undang-Undang Keterangan Islam, Jilid; 3. (Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2006).
Saad, Zulfakar Ramlee, Pembuktian Dalam Kes Jenayah Syariah Malaysia: Isu dan Penyelesaian (Proving Cases in Syariah Courts: Issues and Resolutions), (Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2008).
Byrne, Gabbo David dan Heydon, J. D., Cross on Evidence, (Singapore: Tien Wah Press, 1980).
Shariff, AAM., Prosedur Pendakwaan Jenayah Syariah: Analisis ke atas Peruntukan undang-undang di Akta Keterangan Mahkamah Syariah (Wilayah-Wilayah Persekutuan) 1997, Jurnal Undang-Undang dan Masyarakat, 15. 2011.
Hidma, T. R dan Rutgers, G.R., Pitlo Het Nederlands Burgerlijk Recht Deel 7 Bewijs Achtste Druk. Terj., (Kluwer: Deventer, 2004).
Hayt dan Groeschel, Law of Hospital, Physician and Patient, (Berwyn: Physician`s Record Company, 1972).
Noor, Ruzman Md dan Mokhtar, Mohd Istajib, Ulasan Kes dari Aspek Pembuktian, Jurnal Kanun 26(1) Jun 2011.
Hashim, Ashraf, Tahap Pembuktian Di Dalam Kes-kes Jenayah: Kajian Perbandingan Antara Undang-undang Islam dan Sivil, Jumal Syariah 9(2), 200l.
Adji, Indriyanto Seno, Korupsi Dan Permasalahannya, (Jakarta: Diadit Media Press, 2012).
Adji, Indriyanto Seno, Perspektif Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Jurnal Hukum Pro Justitia 25(4), 2007.
Mulyatno, Praktik Pembatasan Pembalikan Beban Pembuktian Dalam Pengadilan Tipikor (Studi Pada Perkara Korupsi Rapbd Kota Semarang Di Pengadilan Tipikor Kota Semarang), Jurisprudence, 6(2) September 2016.
Syakur, Kukun Abdul, Pembuktian Terbalik Sebagai Kebijakan Kriminal Dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Jurnal Hukum 5(2) September 2017.
Sagita, Afrianto, Pembalikan Beban Pembuktian Sebagai Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Dalam Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Jurnal Hukum Respublica, 17(1) 2017.
Rochmi, M.N., The Concept of Jus Cogens in the Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties, Transparency International 51, 2018.
Rukmini, Mien, Aspek Pidana dan Kriminologi, (Bandung: Alumni, 2010).
Atmasasmita, Romli, Korupsi, Good Governance dan Komisi Anti Korupsi di Indonesia, (Jakarta: Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Departemen Kehakiman dan HAM RI, 2002.
Adji, Indriyanto Seno, Hukum Pidana dalam Perkembangan, (Jakarta: Diadit Media, 2014).
Kisworo, Budi, Urgensi Penerapan Asas Pembuktian Terbalik Menurut Hukum Acara Islam, Jurnal Miqot, 36(1) Januari-Juni 2012.
Yusuf, Penerapan Sistem Pembuktian Terbalik Untuk kasus korupsi: Kajian Antara Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam, Jurnal Epistemé 8(1) Juni 2013.
Qayyim, Ibnu, Turuq al-hukmiyah fi siyasah asy-syar`iyah, (Kairo: Al-Muassasah al-Arabi, 1961).
Analiansyah, Hukum Pembuktian Terbalik dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam, Jurnal Al-Murshalah 2(1) 2016).
Prasetyo, W., Metode Pembuktian Terbalik Pada Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Jurnal Al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum dan Perundangan Islam 5(29), 2015.
Sholeh, A.N., “MUI: Asas Pembuktian Terbalik Hukumnya Halal,” https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt4c5019cc3918a/asas-pembuktian-terbalik-hukumnya-halal, 26 April 2019.
