Islam, Fatwa dan Negara: Pluralisme Hukum Perceraian di Aceh, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/istinbath.v19i02.3217Keywords:
Legal pluralism, Divorce, Ulama Consultative Assembly, FatwaAbstract
This article examines the Legal pluralism of divorce in Aceh, even though the government has regulated divorce laws that apply nationally. However, the Ulama Consultative Assembly (MPU) of Aceh Has issued a fatwa whose legal substance was different from the divorce regulations made by the government, coupled with the legal conditions for divorce in Acehnese people who are fanatical to the school (mazhab) of Shafi'i which is theoretically different from the divorce law in Indonesia. This type of research is doctrinal with a legal pluralism approach. This article aims to analyze the dynamics of divorce law in Acehnese society. The results show that there are three kinds of law that normatively and sociologically apply in Aceh, namely fikih munakat, fatwa and state law, and each has its own legal concept regarding divorce.
References
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Menski, Werner. Comparative Law in a Global Context the Legal Systems of Asia and Africa. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Merry, Sally Engle. “Legal Pluralism.” Law & Society Review 22, no. 5 (1988): 869. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053638.
Muhdlor, Ahmad Zuhdi. “Perkembangan Metodologi Penelitian HukuM.” Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2012): 189. https://doi.org/10.25216/JHP.1.2.2012.189-206.
Naso, Pedro, Erwin Bulte, and Tim Swanson. “Legal Pluralism in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone.” European Journal of Political Economy 61 (January 2020): 101819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.101819.
Neo, Jaclyn L. “Legal Pluralism in Centralist Singapore.” In Debating Legal Pluralism and Constitutionalism, edited by Guillaume Tusseau, 251–71. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34432-0_8.
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Sani, Hanisah Binte Abdullah. “State Law and Legal Pluralism: Towards an Appraisal.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 52, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 82–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2020.1727726.
Sumardi, Dedy. “Islam, Pluralisme Hukum dan Refleksi Masyarakat Homogen.” Asy-Syir’ah Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah dan Hukum 50, no. 2 (2016): 24.
Tas, Latif. Legal Pluralism in Action: Dispute Resolution and the Kurdish Peace Committee. Farnham, Surrey, UK England: Ashgate, 2014.
Tusseau, Guillaume, ed. Debating Legal Pluralism and Constitutionalism: New Trajectories for Legal Theory in the Global Age. Vol. 41. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34432-0.
Ucín, María Carlota. “A Particular Dialogue Between Systems. The Argentinian Case.” In Debating Legal Pluralism and Constitutionalism, edited by Guillaume Tusseau, 93–102. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34432-0_2.
Umam, Khairul. “Penyerapan Fiqh Madzhab Syafi’i dalam Penyusunan Kompilasi Hukum Islam.” Journal de Jure 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 117. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v9i2.6991.
Zulkarnain, Zulkarnain. “Dinamika mazhab Shafi’i dengan cara Aceh: Studi tentang praktik mazhab di kalangan tokoh agama.” IJTIHAD Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 15, no. 2 (January 22, 2016): 159. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v15i2.159-176.
Alfitri, Alfitri. “Sharia Judges Role in Indonesia: Between The Common Law and The Civil Law Systems.” Mazahib 16, no. 2 (August 30, 2017): 120. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v16i2.825.
Ali, Achmad. Menguak Teori Hukum & Teori Peradilan: Legal Theory & Judicialprudence. 5th ed. Jakarta: Kencana, 2013.
Amalia, Nanda, Mukhlis Mukhlis, and Yusrizal Yusrizal. “Model Penyelesaian Sengketa Dan Peradilan Adat Di Aceh.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 25, no. 1 (January 2018): 159–79. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol25.iss1.art8.
Azhary, Muhammad Tahir. “Hukum Perkawinan Islam dan uu no. 1 tahun 1974.” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 17, no. 1 (June 14, 2017): 49. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol17.no1.1224.
Barcellos, Ana Paula de. “Brazil and Its Many Realities: Courts and State-Centrism; Administrative Agencies and International Cooperation.” In Debating Legal Pluralism and Constitutionalism, edited by Guillaume Tusseau, 115–35. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34432-0_4.
Benton, Lauren, and Richard J. Ross. Legal Pluralism and Empires, 1500-1850. U.S.A.: NYU Press, 2013.
Berman, Paul Schiff. “The New Legal Pluralism.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 5, no. 1 (December 2009): 225–42. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.093008.131539.
———. The Oxford Handbook of Global Legal Pluralism. United States of America: Oxford University Press, 2020.
Bowen, John R. Islam, Law, and Equality in Indonesia an Anthropology of Public Reasoning. Cambridge, UK; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Corrin, Jennifer. “Constitutionalism and Customary Laws in Solomon Islands.” In Debating Legal Pluralism and Constitutionalism, edited by Guillaume Tusseau, 273–304. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34432-0_9.
Djumala, Darmansjah. Soft Power untuk Aceh. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2013.
Feener, R. Michael. Shari’a and Social Engineering: The Implementation of Islamic Law in Contemporary Aceh, Indonesia. First edition. Oxford Islamic Legal Studies. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Fombad, Charles Manga. “Reconciling Legal Pluralism and Constitutionalism: New Trajectories for Legal Theory in the Age of Globalisation in Botswana.” In Debating Legal Pluralism and Constitutionalism, edited by Guillaume Tusseau, 103–13. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34432-0_3.
Friedman, Lawrence M. The Legal System: A Social Science Perspective. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1975.
Griffiths, John. “What Is Legal Pluralism?” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 18, no. 24 (January 1986): 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.1986.10756387.
Grijns, Mies, and Hoko Horii. “Child Marriage in a Village in West Java (Indonesia): Compromises between Legal Obligations and Religious Concerns.” Asian Journal of Law and Society 5, no. 2 (November 2018): 453–66. https://doi.org/10.1017/als.2018.9.
Gunawan, Noeranisa Adhadianty, and Nunung Nurwati. “Persepsi masyarakat pada perceraian society Perception Of Divorce.” Share : Social Work Journal 9, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 20. https://doi.org/10.24198/share.v9i1.19863.
Harahap, Ikhwanuddin. “Pluralisme Hukum Perkawinan Di Tapanuli Selatan.” MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman 43, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 64. https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v43i1.656.
Heaton, Tim, and Mark Cammack. “Explaining the Recent Upturn in Divorce in Indonesia: Developmental Idealism and the Effect of Political Change.” Asian Journal of Social Science 39, no. 6 (2011): 776–96. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853111X619229.
Hosen, Nadirsyah. “Nahdlatul Ulama And Collective Ijtihad:” New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 6, no. 1 (2004): 22.
Ichwan, M. N. “Official Ulema and the Politics of Re-Islamization: The Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama, Sharilhringatization and Contested Authority in Post-New Order Aceh.” Journal of Islamic Studies 22, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 183–214. https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/etr026.
Jamhir, Jamhir. “Revitalisasi Hukum Adat Di Aceh.” Jurnal Justisia : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Perundang-Undangan Dan Pranata Sosial 1, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 68–90. https://doi.org/10.22373/justisia.v1i1.2562.
Junaidi, Junaidi, Muhammad Rusdi Bin Muhammadiah, and Muhazir Muhazir. “Revitalisasi Penerapan Qanun Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat di Kota Langsa Aceh.” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 14, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 147–60. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v14i1.3261.
Kharel, Amrit. “Doctrinal Legal Research.” South African Journal of Higher Education 32, no. 1 (2018): 86. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3130525.
Kompas.com. “5 Bulan Terakhir, Kasus Perceraian Di Aceh Capai 2.397, Ternyata Ini Pemicunya.” Regional.Kompas.com, June 11, 2020. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2020/06/11/14400081/5-bulan-terakhir-kasus-perceraian-di-aceh-capai-2.397-ternyata-ini-pemicunya.
Masyithoh, Novita Dewi. “Dialektika Pluralisme Hukum: Upaya Penyelesaian Masalah Ancaman Keberagaman dan Keberagamaan di Indonesia.” Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 24, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 359–78. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.24.2.1289.
Maulana, Ridha, O D Kurniawati, D P Ananda, and Arsudian Putra. “Sistem Hukum Di Aceh Dan Kaitannya Dengan Pluralisme HukuM.” Jurnal Geuthèë: Penelitian Multidisiplin 2, no. 3 (2019): 9.
Menski, Werner. Comparative Law in a Global Context the Legal Systems of Asia and Africa. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Merry, Sally Engle. “Legal Pluralism.” Law & Society Review 22, no. 5 (1988): 869. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053638.
Muhdlor, Ahmad Zuhdi. “Perkembangan Metodologi Penelitian HukuM.” Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2012): 189. https://doi.org/10.25216/JHP.1.2.2012.189-206.
Naso, Pedro, Erwin Bulte, and Tim Swanson. “Legal Pluralism in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone.” European Journal of Political Economy 61 (January 2020): 101819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.101819.
Neo, Jaclyn L. “Legal Pluralism in Centralist Singapore.” In Debating Legal Pluralism and Constitutionalism, edited by Guillaume Tusseau, 251–71. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34432-0_8.
Nirzalin, Nirzalin, and Yogi Febriandi. “Teungku Dayah Agency and Religious Social Capital on Drug Eradication in Aceh, Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 23, no. 3 (May 21, 2020): 210. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.51061.
Psygkas, Athanasios. “Accommodating Legal Pluralism and ‘Pluralizing’ the Constitution: The Example of the United Kingdom.” In Debating Legal Pluralism and Constitutionalism, edited by Guillaume Tusseau, 305–31. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34432-0_10.
Ratnapala, Suri. Jurisprudence: An Introduction. Leiden: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Regime Change, Democracy and Islam: The Case of Indonesia. Belanda: Universiteit Leiden, 2013.
Rumadi, Marzuki Wahid &. Fiqh Madzhab Negara ; Kritik atas Politik Hukum Islam di Indonesia. Lkis Pelangi Aksara, 2001. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=6r52DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bibliogroup:%22Fiqh+madzhab+negara:+kritik+atas+politik+hukum+Islam+di+Indonesia%22&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiY7dGZ7t3rAhXdIbcAHTPzAf8Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Salim, Arskal. “Dynamic Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: Contested Legal Orders in Contemporary Aceh.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 42, no. 61 (January 2010): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2010.10756640.
Sani, Hanisah Binte Abdullah. “State Law and Legal Pluralism: Towards an Appraisal.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 52, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 82–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2020.1727726.
Sumardi, Dedy. “Islam, Pluralisme Hukum dan Refleksi Masyarakat Homogen.” Asy-Syir’ah Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah dan Hukum 50, no. 2 (2016): 24.
Tas, Latif. Legal Pluralism in Action: Dispute Resolution and the Kurdish Peace Committee. Farnham, Surrey, UK England: Ashgate, 2014.
Tusseau, Guillaume, ed. Debating Legal Pluralism and Constitutionalism: New Trajectories for Legal Theory in the Global Age. Vol. 41. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34432-0.
Ucín, María Carlota. “A Particular Dialogue Between Systems. The Argentinian Case.” In Debating Legal Pluralism and Constitutionalism, edited by Guillaume Tusseau, 93–102. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34432-0_2.
Umam, Khairul. “Penyerapan Fiqh Madzhab Syafi’i dalam Penyusunan Kompilasi Hukum Islam.” Journal de Jure 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 117. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v9i2.6991.
Zulkarnain, Zulkarnain. “Dinamika mazhab Shafi’i dengan cara Aceh: Studi tentang praktik mazhab di kalangan tokoh agama.” IJTIHAD Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 15, no. 2 (January 22, 2016): 159. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v15i2.159-176.
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2022-08-26
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Islam, Fatwa dan Negara: Pluralisme Hukum Perceraian di Aceh, Indonesia. (2022). Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum, 19(01), 115-134. https://doi.org/10.32332/istinbath.v19i02.3217
