INDONESIAN ISLAMIC POETS' AMBIVALENCE UNDER THE DUTCH COLONIALISM IN THE 1930S
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v27i1.4294Keywords:
Ambivalence; colonial discourse; poets; romantic aestheticsAbstract
Islamic poets' poetical themes expressed their spiritual experience in Indonesian literature during the 1930s. These themes had opposed to the Islamic movement at the time, which was fighting against colonial ideology. The objectives of this study are to look at why poets advocated oppositional views in the face of colonial discourse, as well as the poets' position within the Dutch colonial system in the 1930s. Thematic notions of Indonesian literary poets in the 1930s, biographical histories of poets, and colonial discourses in Indonesia in the 1930s were among the data sources used in this study. The result revealed that the poets adopted a romantic aesthetic mimicking strategy to portray the idea of their spiritual experience. In most colonial literature, the mimicry between the colonizer and the colonized nation heightens the ambivalence of the Indonesian human personality. Because of ethical adjustments and unacceptable ideal categories, this ambiguous attitude develops. Syncretism emerges as a result of the clash of Western and Eastern civilizations. The author's aesthetic mimicry strategy has implications for the poet's ambivalence: on the one hand, the poet follows Balai Pustaka's aesthetic pattern with an understanding of individualism, while on the other hand, the poet ignites the concept of Islamic symbolic memory as part of the construction of Indonesian cultural identity, as in the Indonesian Cultural Polemics from 1930 to 1942.
Downloads
References
Bhabha, H. K. (2012). The location of culture. routledge.
Chakraborty, A. R. (2016). Liminality in Post-Colonial Theory: A Journey from Arnold van Gennep to Homi K. Bhabha. Anadhyun: An International Journal of Social Sciences, 145–153.
Chisaan, C. (2012). search of an Indonesian Islamic cultural identity, 1956-1965. Heirs to World Culture; Being Indonesian 1950-1965.
Day, T. (2022). Clearing a space: Postcolonial readings of modern Indonesian literature. BRILL.
Elson, R. E. (2007). Islam, Islamism, the nation, and the early Indonesian nationalist movement. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 1(2), 231–266.
Eneste, P. (2001). Bibliografi sastra Indonesia: cerpen, drama, novel, puisi, antologi, umum. IndonesiaTera.
Faruk, H. T. (2007). Belenggu pasca-kolonial: hegemoni & resistensi dalam sastra Indonesia. Pustaka Pelajar.
Fitzpatrick, E. B. (2000). Balai Pustaka in the Dutch East Indies: Colonizing a Literature. Changing the Terms: Translating in the Postcolonial Era, 113–126.
Fitzpatrick, I. (2020). Colonial American Fitzpatrick Settlers. Journal of the Fitzpatrick Clan Society, 1, 18–39.
Foulcher, K. (1995). In search of the postcolonial in Indonesian literature. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 147–171.
Foulcher, K., Rosidi, A., & Sriwibawa, S. (1991). Pujangga baru: kesusasteraan dan nasionalisme di Indonesia 1933-1942. Dunia Pustaka Jaya.
Gilroy, P. (2002). Diaspora and the detours of identity, i (red.) Woodward, K. Identity and Difference.
Guan, K. C. (2012). Role of Intelligence in International Crisis Management. RSIS Working Paper, no243.
Hatley, B. (2002). Postcoloniality and the feminine in modern Indonesian literature. In Clearing a Space (pp. 145–182). Brill.
Hefner, R. W. (1993). Islam, state, and civil society: ICMI and the struggle for the Indonesian middle class. Indonesia, 56, 1–35.
Jassin, H. B. (1967). Kesusastraan Indonesia modern dalam kritik dan esei (Vol. 1). Gunung Agung.
Jedamski, D. (1992). Balai Pustaka–A Colonial Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing” dalam. Achipel.
Jedamski, D. (2009). Kebijakan Kolonial di Hindia Belanda” dalam Sadur Sejarah Terjemahan di Indonesia dan Malaysia (Henri Chambert-Loir ed.). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Loomba, A. (2003). Kolonialisme/pascakolonialisme (H. Hadikusumo (ed.)). Bentang Budaya.
McLeod, J. (2000). Beginning Postcolonialism. New York: St. Martins Press.
Mihardja, A. K. (1977). Polemik kebudayaan. Pustaka Jaya.
Moore-Gilbert, B. (1997). Postcolonial Theory: Contexts, Practices. Politics, 1.
Rohmana, J. A. (2016). Sastra Islam Nusantara: Puisi Guguritan Sunda dalam Tradisi Keilmuan Islam di Jawa Barat. Akademika, 21(1), 1–18.
Rosidi, A. (1964). Kapankah kesusastraan Indonesia lahir? Bhratara.
Rosidi, A. (2018). Ikhtisar sejarah sastera Indonesia. Dunia Pustaka Jaya.
Sulianti, A., Safitri, R. M., & Gunawan, Y. (2019). Implementasi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dalam Membangun Karakter Generasi Muda Bangsa. Integralistik, 30(2), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.15294/integralistik.v30i2.20871
Suminto, H. A. (1985). Politik Islam Hindia Belanda: het kantoor voor inlandsche zaken. Lembaga Penelitian Pendidikan dan Penerangan Ekonomi dan Sosial (LP3ES).
Sweeney, A. (2007). Keindonesiaan dan kemelayuan dalam sastra. Desantara.
Teeuw, A. (1994). The role of Bijdragen in Dutch Indonesian studies. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land-En Volkenkunde, 4de Afl, 653–664.
Wellek, R., & Wellek, R. (1949). The Concept of “Romanticism” in Literary History. I. The Term “Romantic” and Its Derivatives. Comparative Literature, 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/1768457
Young, R. J. C. (2005). Colonial desire: Hybridity in theory, culture and race. Routledge.
Zarkasyi, H. F. (2008). The rise of Islamic religious-political movements in Indonesia: the background, present situation and future. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 2(2), 336–378.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
