KOSMOLOGI DAN SAINS DALAM ISLAM
Keywords:
Kosmologi, Sains, Al-Quran, Islam, Cosmology, science, KoranAbstract
Kosmologi sebagai ilmu yang membahas tentang alam semesta telah dijelaskan dalam Al-Qur‟an dengan berbagai penjelasan tentang gejala alam. Seiring berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan, orang mulai melakukan pengamatan lebih rasional terhadap alam semesta. Astronomi berkembang, dari pengamatan bintang dan planet melebar ke studi struktur dan evolusi alam semesta. Lahirlah Kosmolgi, sains yang mencari pemahaman fundamental alam semesta. Tulisan ini membehas tentang kosmologi dan sains dalam perspektif Islam. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil telaah mendalam terhadap data kepustakaan yang kemudian dianalisa dan dideskripsikan. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa kosmologi dalam Islam berbicara bukan hanya satu tatanan kosmos yaitu tatanan fisik tetapi juga meliputi tatanan dunia lain yang non fisik. Dalam hal sains, secara mendasar, kaum muslimin dibimbing oleh ajaran-ajaran Wahyu. Kepercayaan pada kesatuan seluruh fenomena seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Al-Quran, bersama dengan klasifikasi sains seperti filosofis, mendorong penelitian kosmologis yang secara keseluruhan, mencerminkan luasnya pendekatan. Pada satu sisi terdapat spekulasi metafisika dan mistis yang melampaui benda-benda yang dapat diungkap melalui pengamatan langsung atau pengujian rasional murni. Di sisi lain terdapat pengamatan astronomi langsung dan analisis tentang fenomena yang diamati.Kata kunci: Kosmologi, Sains, Al-Quran, dan Islam.
Cosmology as a science examining the universe has been described in the Qur'an through various explanations of natural phenomena. Along with the development of science, people started conducting a more rational observation of the universe. The astronomy itself develops, starting from star observations until the study of the structure and evolution of the universe. So was Cosmology born, a science searching for understanding the fundamental nature of the universe. This paper discusses about cosmology and science in the perspective of Islam. This paper is a result of a thorough examination of the library data which is then analysed and described. The results of the study show that Islamic Cosmology does not examines one order of the Cosmos which is the physical order but also includes other world order that is non physical. In terms of science, fundamentally, the Muslims led by the teachings of divine revelation. The belief in the unity of the whole phenomenon as demonstrated in the Al-Quran, together with the classification of science as philosophical, support the cosmological research overall, reflecting the breadth of approaches. On the one hand there are speculations of metaphysics and mystic that go beyond the objects which can be revealed through direct observation or pure rational testing. On the other hand there are direct astronomical observations and analysis of the observed phenomenon.
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References
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Al-Faruqi, Ismail Raji, Tauhid: its Implication for Thought and life, USA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, Wyncote, Pensylivania, 1982.
Bakker, Dirk, Man in the Quran, Holland: Drukkerij Holland, N. V., 1965. Buyung, http://cafe.degromiest.nl/wp/archives/96, diakses 27-6-2011
Edwards, Paul (Ed.), The Encyklopedia of Philosophy, New York: Macmillan Publishing, co. inc. and the free Press, 1972, Jilid VI.
Kartanegara, Mulyadhi, Reaktualisasi Tradisi Ilmiah Islam, Jakarta: Baitul Ihsan, 2006, cet. I
Kartanegara, Mulyadhi, Gerbang Kearifan:Sebuah Pengantar Filsafat Islam, Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2006.
Nasution, Harun, Islam Rasional, Gagasan dan Pemikiran, Jakarta: Mizan,1996, Cet.IV.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines, Boulder: Shambala, 1978.
Nasr, Seyyed Husein, Ideals and Ralisties of Islam, terjemahan Abdurrahman Wahid, Jakarta: LAPPENAS, 1981.
Nasr, Seyyed Husein, Islam And the environmental crisis, Terjemahan Abbas al- Jauhari dan Ihsan Ali Fauzi, Jurnal Islamika Nomor III Januari-Maret, Jakarta: Penerbit Mizan-MISSI, 1994.
Rahman, Fazlur, Major Themes of the Quran, Bibliotica Islamica. (Chicago: Minneapolis, 1980)
Soerjani, Moh., (et.all). lingkungan sumber daya alam dan kependudukan dalam pembangunan, Jakarta: UI Press, 1987.
Turner, Howard R., Science in Medieval Islam, An Illustrated Introduction, terj., Zulfahmi Andri, Sains Islam Yang Mengagumkan: Sebuah Catatan abad Pertengahan, Bandung: Nuansa, 2004, cet. I.
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2013-03-27
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