PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF MODERN SOCIETY (The Analysis of Mental Disorders Based on Islamic Spiritual Tradition Perspective)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v26i2.3728Keywords:
Modern society, happiness, needs, and humanAbstract
In the midst of modernization, most people needs happiness. However,it accidentally brings them out to ecstacy. A plenty of ways are done to achieve its happiness, unfortunately at some can not find it as well and frustrated. Indeed, their soul becomes unstable when it fails to achieve. This study examined the psychological problems of modern society with all its issues. Since it used the method of literature, the researcher drawn two conclusions: first, most people experience a psychological crisis, it means to the less understanding of the nature of their creation. Second, Islam is here to overcome it by presenting a thought of being grateful and a way to purify the soul (Tazkiyatun Nafs). People with grateful heart lead them to happiness, health, and good mood. As for people who perform a purification of the soul (Tazkiyatun Nafs) regulary, it can control them against the bad temper.
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References
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Albertini, Mark R. “The Age of Enlightenment in Melanoma Immunotherapy.” <em>Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer</em>, 2018.</br>
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Aydin, Necati. “Spirituality and Subjective Wellbeing: Living a Fulfilled Life without Falling into the Trap of Consumer Culture.” <em>Humanomics</em> 33, no. 3 (2017): 300–314.</br>
Barthes, Roland. <em>The Pleasure of The Text</em>. London: Jonathan Cape, 1976.</br>
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Baudrillard, Jean. “On Consumer Society.” In <em>Rethinking the Subject</em>, 2018.</br>
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Baudrillard, Jean, Julian Pefanis, and Paul Foss. <em>Revenge of the Crystal</em><em> : Selected Writings on the Modern Object and Its Destiny, 1968-1983</em>. <em>Pluto Classics.</em>, 1999.</br>
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Depdikbud. “Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia.” <em>Balai Pustaka</em> 2, no. Jakarta (2021).</br>
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Al Farabi. <em>Fusus Al-Hikam</em>. Baghdad: Intisarat Baydar, 1995.</br>
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Hamidi, Luthfi. “Agama Dan Tantangan Modernitas.” <em>dalam Insania</em> 7, no. 1 (2021): 83–92.</br>
Hanafi, Mohd. Noor. “Razi’s Human Needs Theory and Its Relevance to Ethics and Economics.” <em>Humanomics,</em> 14, no. 1 (1998): 59–98.</br>
Holte, Arne, Margaret M. Barry, Mona Bekkhus, Anne Inger Helmen Borge, Lucy Bowes, Ferran Casas, Oddgeir Friborg, et al. “Psychology of Child Well-Being.” In <em>Handbook of Child Well-Being: Theories, Methods, and Policies in Global Perspective</em>, 2014.</br>
Ibn-Zakariyya, Abi Al Husayn Ahmad Ibn Faris. “Mu’jam Maqayis Al-Lughah.” Beirut: Dar al Fikr, 1994.</br>
Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyah. <em>Ar Ruh: Fi Al Kalami ’ala Arwah Al Amwati Wa Al Ahya Biddalaili Min Al Kitab Wa as Sunnah Wa Al Atsari Wa Aqwali Al Ulama Io Title</em>. Darul Fikri, 205AD.</br>
Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyah. “Miftah Dar as Sa’adah.” 272–278. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, n.d.</br>
Jalata, Asafa, and Harry F Dahms. “Globalization, Critique and Social Theory: Diagnoses and Challenges” (2015): iii.</br>
Khoir Rambe, Uqbatul, Nurliana Damanik, and Aprilinda M Harahap. “The Struggle for Spiritual Authority from the Holy Land to Indonesia: Reference from the Tarekat Naqshabandiyya Jabal Hindi (TNJH) in North Sumatra.” <em>Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam</em> 10, no. 2 (2020).</br>
Krueger, Alan B. <em>Measuring the Subjective Well-Being of Nations</em>. <em>Measuring the Subjective Well-Being of Nations</em>, 2013.</br>
Leary, Timothy. <em>Chaos and Cyberculture</em>. Berkeley: Ronin Publishing, 1994.</br>
Linderman, Deborah, Julia Kristeva, and Leon S. Roudiez. <em>Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection</em>. <em>SubStance</em>. Vol. 13, 1984.</br>
Mahfud, Choirul. “The Power of Syukur: Tafsir Kontekstual Konsep Syukur Dalam Al-Qur’an.” <em>Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman</em> 9, no. 2 (2014).</br>
Meadows, D. H., D. L. Meadows, and J. Randers. “Beyond the Limits: Global Collapse or a Sustainable Future.” <em>Beyond the limits: global collapse or a sustainable future</em> (1992).</br>
Mubasirun, Mubasirun, and Sa’adi Sa’adi. “The Dynamics Of Spirituality In The Old Age: The Perspective Of Maqashid Al-Shariah And Psychology.” <em>AKADEMIKA: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam</em> 26, no. 1 (2021).</br>
Muegge, Steven, and Ewan Reid. “Elon Musk and SpaceX: A Case Study of Entrepreneuring as Emancipation.” <em>Technology Innovation Management Review</em> 9, no. 8 (2019).</br>
Munawwir, W.A. “Kamus Al-Munawwir.” In <em>Kamus Al-Munawwir</em>, 1984.</br>
Najati, Muhammad Utsman. <em>Ad-Dirasat Al-Nafsaniyyah ’inda Al-’Ulama Al-Muslimin</em>. Jeddah: Dar asy-Syuruq, 1993.</br>
Najati, Muhammad Utsman. “Psikologi Dalam Al-Qur‟ an: Terapi Qur‟ Ani Dalam Penyembuhan Gangguan Kejiwaan, Terj.” <em>M. Zaka al-Farisi, Bandung: Pustaka Setia</em> (2005).</br>
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Nawawi, Muhyiddin Yahya bin Syaraf. <em>Hadits Arba’in Nawawiyah</em>. Maktabah Dakwah dan Bimbingan Jaliyat Rabwah, 2007.</br>
No authorship is indicated. “Review of Modern Madness: The Emotional Fallout of Success.” <em>Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews</em> 32, no. 3 (1987).</br>
Nur, Abdullah. “Ibnu Sina: Pemikiran Fisafatnya Tentang Al-Fayd, Al-Nafs, Al-Nubuwwah, Dan Al-Wujûd.” <em>HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika</em> 6, no. 1 (2009).</br>
Piper, and Richard. “Sapiens : Yuval Noah Harari.” <em>Dr. Richard Piper</em> (2016).</br>
Russell, Betrand. <em>The Conquest of Happiness</em>. Great Britain: George Allen And Unwin Ltd. London, 1932.</br>
Ryan, Richard M., and Edward L. Deci. “On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being.” <em>Annual Review of Psychology</em>, 2001.</br>
Ryff, Carol D. “Happiness Is Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being.” <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology</em> 57, no. 6 (1989).</br>
Shalihin, M. <em>Tazkiyatun Nafs Dalam Perspektif Tasawuf Al-Ghazali</em>. Ban: Pustaka Setia, 2000.</br>
Slouka, Mark. <em>Ruang Yang Hilang: Pandangan Humanis Tentang Budaya Cyberspace Yang Merisaukan</em>. Bandung: Mizan, 1999.</br>
Subhiyah, Mutiara, and Fuad Nashori. “Peran Penyesuaian Diri Sebagai Mediator Dari Pengaruh Religiusitas Terhadap Kebahagiaan Santri Pondok Pesantren.” <em>Psychosophia: Journal of Psychology, Religion, and Humanity</em> 3, no. 1 (2021).</br>
Syed Naquib al- Attas. <em>On Justice and The Nature of Man</em>. Kuala Lumpur: IBFIM, 2014.</br>
Syed Naquib al- Attas. “Prolegomena to the Metaphysics of Islam.” <em>Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization</em> (1995).</br>
Taimiyah, B I. “Maqashid Syariah Ibnu Taimiyah.” <em>Panorama Maqashid Syariah</em> (2021).</br>
Tavani, Herman T. “Regulating Cyberspace: Concepts and Controversies.” <em>Library Hi Tech</em> 25, no. 1 (2007): 37–46.</br>
Thabary, Abu Ja’far Muhammad bin Jarir al. “Jami’ Al Bayan Fi Ta’wil Al Qur’an.” Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1992.</br>
Vega, Amparo. “Perspectives of Aesthetics and Politics in J. F. Lyotard.” <em>Revista de Estudios Sociales</em> 35 (2010).</br>
Walz, Robin. “Jean Baudrillard, Simulations.” In <em>Modernism</em>, 2021.</br>
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Wildan, Teuku. “Konsep Nafs (Jiwa) Dalam Al-Quran.” <em>Jurnal At-Tibyan</em> 2, no. 2 (2017).</br>
Yasrif Amir Piliang. <em>Dunia Yang Berlari Mencari “Tuhan-Tuhan Digital.”</em> Jakarta: PT Grasindo Anggota Ikapi, 2004.</br>
Zahnia, Siti, and Dyah Wulan Sumekar. “Kajian Epidemiologis Skizofrenia.” <em>Majority</em> 5, no. 5 (2016).</br>
Al-Afriqy, Muhammad bin Mukrim bin Manzhuhr. <em>Lisan Al-Arab</em>. Beirut: Dar al-Sadir, 1990.</br>
Al-Attas, Naquib. <em>Al-Attas, Ma’na Kebahagiaan Dan Pengalamannya Dalam Islam</em>. Kuala Lumpur: IBFIM, 2002.</br>
Al-Attas, Naquib. <em>Islam and Secularism</em>. Kuala Lumpur: ISTAC, 1993.</br>
Al-Attas, Naquib. <em>The Nature of Man and the Psychology of the Human Soul</em>. Kuala Lumpur: ISTAC, 1990.</br>
Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad bin Muhammad. “Ihya ’Ulum Al-Din.” Singapura: Pustaka Nasional Pte Ltd Singapura, 2003.</br>
Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad bin Muhammad. <em>Metode Menggapai Kebahagiaan</em>. Bandung: Mizan, 2014.</br>
Albertini, Mark R. “The Age of Enlightenment in Melanoma Immunotherapy.” <em>Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer</em>, 2018.</br>
Aronowitz, S. <em>The Crisis In Historical Materialism: Class, Politics, And Culture In Marxis Theory</em>. London: Macmillan Press, 1990.</br>
Arroisi, Jarman, and Rahmat Ardi Nur Rifa Da’i. “Konsep Jiwa Perspektif Ibn S?N?” <em>ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman</em> 13, no. 2 (2019).</br>
Atmonadi. “Kun Fayakun : Buku Pertama: Man Arofa Nafsahu Faqod Arofa Robbahu.” In <em>Man Arofa Nafsahu Faqod Arofa Robbahu</em>, 2018.</br>
Aydin, Necati. “Spirituality and Subjective Wellbeing: Living a Fulfilled Life without Falling into the Trap of Consumer Culture.” <em>Humanomics</em> 33, no. 3 (2017): 300–314.</br>
Barthes, Roland. <em>The Pleasure of The Text</em>. London: Jonathan Cape, 1976.</br>
Baudrillard, Jean. “In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities or the End of the Social and Other Essays.” <em>Foreign agents series</em> (1983): 123.</br>
Baudrillard, Jean. “On Consumer Society.” In <em>Rethinking the Subject</em>, 2018.</br>
Baudrillard, Jean, and Sylvère Lotringer. “Forget Foucault.” <em>Semiotext(e) foreign agents series</em> 38, no. 2003 (2007).</br>
Baudrillard, Jean, Julian Pefanis, and Paul Foss. <em>Revenge of the Crystal</em><em> : Selected Writings on the Modern Object and Its Destiny, 1968-1983</em>. <em>Pluto Classics.</em>, 1999.</br>
Busfield, Joan. “Mental Illness as Social Product or Social Construct: A Contradiction in Feminists’ Arguments?” <em>Sociology of Health & Illness</em> 10, no. 4 (1988).</br>
Carr, Alan. <em>Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Human Strengths</em>. <em>Positive Psychology: The Science Of Happiness And Human Strengths</em>, 2003.</br>
Depan Yandi Hafizallah, Masa. “PSYCHOSOPHI.” <em>Journal of Psychology, Religion, and Humanity</em> 1, no. 1 (2019).</br>
Depdikbud. “Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia.” <em>Balai Pustaka</em> 2, no. Jakarta (2021).</br>
Donaldson, Lex. “A Critique of Postmodernism in Organizational Studies.” <em>Research in the Sociology of Organizations</em> 21 (2003): 169–202.</br>
Al Farabi. <em>Fusus Al-Hikam</em>. Baghdad: Intisarat Baydar, 1995.</br>
Galtung, Johan, and Anders Helge Wirak. “Human Needs and Human Rights-: A Theoretical Approach.” <em>Security Dialogue</em> 8, no. 3 (1977): 251–258.</br>
Gare, A. E. “Postmodernism and the Environmental Crisis.” <em>Postmodernism and the environmental crisis</em> (1995).</br>
Grant, Michael, and John Hazel. <em>Who’s Who in Classical Mythology</em>. <em>Who’s Who in Classical Mythology</em>, 2004.</br>
Guattari, Felix. <em>Molecular Revolution: Psychiatry And Politties</em>. Peregrine Books, 1984.</br>
Guattari, Felix. <em>Soft Subversion, Semiotext</em>, 1993.</br>
Guattari, Félix, David L Sweet, Jarred Becker, and Taylor Adkins. <em>Guattari_Chaosophy</em>, 2009.</br>
Hafifah, Auliani, Irma Melyani Puspitasari, and Rano Kurnia Sinuraya. “Review Artikel : Farmakoterapi Dan Rehabilitasi Psikososial Pada Skizofrenia.” <em>Farmaka</em> 16, no. 2 (2018).</br>
Hamidi, Luthfi. “Agama Dan Tantangan Modernitas.” <em>dalam Insania</em> 7, no. 1 (2021): 83–92.</br>
Hanafi, Mohd. Noor. “Razi’s Human Needs Theory and Its Relevance to Ethics and Economics.” <em>Humanomics,</em> 14, no. 1 (1998): 59–98.</br>
Holte, Arne, Margaret M. Barry, Mona Bekkhus, Anne Inger Helmen Borge, Lucy Bowes, Ferran Casas, Oddgeir Friborg, et al. “Psychology of Child Well-Being.” In <em>Handbook of Child Well-Being: Theories, Methods, and Policies in Global Perspective</em>, 2014.</br>
Ibn-Zakariyya, Abi Al Husayn Ahmad Ibn Faris. “Mu’jam Maqayis Al-Lughah.” Beirut: Dar al Fikr, 1994.</br>
Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyah. <em>Ar Ruh: Fi Al Kalami ’ala Arwah Al Amwati Wa Al Ahya Biddalaili Min Al Kitab Wa as Sunnah Wa Al Atsari Wa Aqwali Al Ulama Io Title</em>. Darul Fikri, 205AD.</br>
Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyah. “Miftah Dar as Sa’adah.” 272–278. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, n.d.</br>
Jalata, Asafa, and Harry F Dahms. “Globalization, Critique and Social Theory: Diagnoses and Challenges” (2015): iii.</br>
Khoir Rambe, Uqbatul, Nurliana Damanik, and Aprilinda M Harahap. “The Struggle for Spiritual Authority from the Holy Land to Indonesia: Reference from the Tarekat Naqshabandiyya Jabal Hindi (TNJH) in North Sumatra.” <em>Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam</em> 10, no. 2 (2020).</br>
Krueger, Alan B. <em>Measuring the Subjective Well-Being of Nations</em>. <em>Measuring the Subjective Well-Being of Nations</em>, 2013.</br>
Leary, Timothy. <em>Chaos and Cyberculture</em>. Berkeley: Ronin Publishing, 1994.</br>
Linderman, Deborah, Julia Kristeva, and Leon S. Roudiez. <em>Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection</em>. <em>SubStance</em>. Vol. 13, 1984.</br>
Mahfud, Choirul. “The Power of Syukur: Tafsir Kontekstual Konsep Syukur Dalam Al-Qur’an.” <em>Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman</em> 9, no. 2 (2014).</br>
Meadows, D. H., D. L. Meadows, and J. Randers. “Beyond the Limits: Global Collapse or a Sustainable Future.” <em>Beyond the limits: global collapse or a sustainable future</em> (1992).</br>
Mubasirun, Mubasirun, and Sa’adi Sa’adi. “The Dynamics Of Spirituality In The Old Age: The Perspective Of Maqashid Al-Shariah And Psychology.” <em>AKADEMIKA: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam</em> 26, no. 1 (2021).</br>
Muegge, Steven, and Ewan Reid. “Elon Musk and SpaceX: A Case Study of Entrepreneuring as Emancipation.” <em>Technology Innovation Management Review</em> 9, no. 8 (2019).</br>
Munawwir, W.A. “Kamus Al-Munawwir.” In <em>Kamus Al-Munawwir</em>, 1984.</br>
Najati, Muhammad Utsman. <em>Ad-Dirasat Al-Nafsaniyyah ’inda Al-’Ulama Al-Muslimin</em>. Jeddah: Dar asy-Syuruq, 1993.</br>
Najati, Muhammad Utsman. “Psikologi Dalam Al-Qur‟ an: Terapi Qur‟ Ani Dalam Penyembuhan Gangguan Kejiwaan, Terj.” <em>M. Zaka al-Farisi, Bandung: Pustaka Setia</em> (2005).</br>
Nata, Abuddin. “Akhlak Tasawuf Dan Krakter Mulia.” <em>Jakarta:PT Raja Grafindo Persada</em> (2017).</br>
Nawawi, Muhyiddin Yahya bin Syaraf. <em>Hadits Arba’in Nawawiyah</em>. Maktabah Dakwah dan Bimbingan Jaliyat Rabwah, 2007.</br>
No authorship is indicated. “Review of Modern Madness: The Emotional Fallout of Success.” <em>Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews</em> 32, no. 3 (1987).</br>
Nur, Abdullah. “Ibnu Sina: Pemikiran Fisafatnya Tentang Al-Fayd, Al-Nafs, Al-Nubuwwah, Dan Al-Wujûd.” <em>HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika</em> 6, no. 1 (2009).</br>
Piper, and Richard. “Sapiens : Yuval Noah Harari.” <em>Dr. Richard Piper</em> (2016).</br>
Russell, Betrand. <em>The Conquest of Happiness</em>. Great Britain: George Allen And Unwin Ltd. London, 1932.</br>
Ryan, Richard M., and Edward L. Deci. “On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being.” <em>Annual Review of Psychology</em>, 2001.</br>
Ryff, Carol D. “Happiness Is Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being.” <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology</em> 57, no. 6 (1989).</br>
Shalihin, M. <em>Tazkiyatun Nafs Dalam Perspektif Tasawuf Al-Ghazali</em>. Ban: Pustaka Setia, 2000.</br>
Slouka, Mark. <em>Ruang Yang Hilang: Pandangan Humanis Tentang Budaya Cyberspace Yang Merisaukan</em>. Bandung: Mizan, 1999.</br>
Subhiyah, Mutiara, and Fuad Nashori. “Peran Penyesuaian Diri Sebagai Mediator Dari Pengaruh Religiusitas Terhadap Kebahagiaan Santri Pondok Pesantren.” <em>Psychosophia: Journal of Psychology, Religion, and Humanity</em> 3, no. 1 (2021).</br>
Syed Naquib al- Attas. <em>On Justice and The Nature of Man</em>. Kuala Lumpur: IBFIM, 2014.</br>
Syed Naquib al- Attas. “Prolegomena to the Metaphysics of Islam.” <em>Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization</em> (1995).</br>
Taimiyah, B I. “Maqashid Syariah Ibnu Taimiyah.” <em>Panorama Maqashid Syariah</em> (2021).</br>
Tavani, Herman T. “Regulating Cyberspace: Concepts and Controversies.” <em>Library Hi Tech</em> 25, no. 1 (2007): 37–46.</br>
Thabary, Abu Ja’far Muhammad bin Jarir al. “Jami’ Al Bayan Fi Ta’wil Al Qur’an.” Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1992.</br>
Vega, Amparo. “Perspectives of Aesthetics and Politics in J. F. Lyotard.” <em>Revista de Estudios Sociales</em> 35 (2010).</br>
Walz, Robin. “Jean Baudrillard, Simulations.” In <em>Modernism</em>, 2021.</br>
Warsah, Idi. “Dimensions Of Soul In The Quran: An Islamic Psychological Perspective.” <em>Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam</em> 25, no. 2 (2020).</br>
Wildan, Teuku. “Konsep Nafs (Jiwa) Dalam Al-Quran.” <em>Jurnal At-Tibyan</em> 2, no. 2 (2017).</br>
Yasrif Amir Piliang. <em>Dunia Yang Berlari Mencari “Tuhan-Tuhan Digital.”</em> Jakarta: PT Grasindo Anggota Ikapi, 2004.</br>
Zahnia, Siti, and Dyah Wulan Sumekar. “Kajian Epidemiologis Skizofrenia.” <em>Majority</em> 5, no. 5 (2016).</br>
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